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GLOSSARY
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Burl: A swirl or twist of the grain of the wood that usually occurs near a knot, but doesn't contain a knot. Character Marks: Naturally occurring marks in the wood, such as burls, flags and flecks, that give a unique appearance. Check: A lengthwise separation of the wood that usually extends across the rings of annual growth and commonly results from stress set up in wood during air or kiln drying. Crook: The distortion of a board in which there is a deviation, in a direction perpendicular to the edge, from a straight line from end to end of the piece. Degrades: Wood flooring that is not of the grade being inspected. Engineered Wood Flooring: An assembly made by bonding layers of veneer or lumber with an adhesive. Figure: Inherent markings, designs or configurations on the surface of the wood produced by the annual growth rings, rays, knots and deviations from regular grain. Finish Skip: An interruption in the finish on the wood flooring. Flag: a heavy dark mineral streak shaped like a banner. Flecks: The wide irregular, conspicuous figure in quater-sawn oak flooring. Heavy Streaks: Spots and streaks of sufficient size and density to severely mar the appearance of wood. Honeycombing: Checks often not visible at the surface that occur in the interior of a piece of wood. Usually along the wood rays. |
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Knot: The portion of a branch or limb that has been surrounded by subsequent growth of the stem. The shape of the knot as it appears on a cut surface depends on the angle of the cut relative to the long axis of the knot. In hardwood strip flooring, small and pin knots aren't more than one-half inch in diameter. A sound knot is a knot cut approximately parallel to its long axis so that the exposed section is definitely elongated. Medullar Rays: Strips of cells extending radially within a tree and varying in height from a few cells in some species to four or more inches in oak. The rays serve primarily to store food and transport it horizontally in the tree. On quarter-sawn oak, the rays form a conspicuous figure, sometimes referred to as flecks. Mill Run: Flooring that is milled from one grade of lumber, without being further separated by flooring grades. Milling Defects: Blemishes produced in milling flooring, such as chipped grain, torn grain, variations in machining, machine burn and mismatching. Mineral Streak: Wood containing an accumulation of mineral matter introduced by sap flow, causing an unnatural color ranging from greenish brown to black. Pin Worm Hole: In hardwood flooring, a small round hole not more than 1/16-inch in diameter, made by a small wood-boring insect. Run/Lot Number: Finish or packaging numbers used to identify wood flooring. Shake: A separation along the grain, the greater part of which occurs between the annual growth rings. Split Separations of wood fiber running parallel to the grain. Sound Wood: Wood that will create a useable floor. And therefore not including soft-wood due to rot, loose pieces that will fall out, or splits throughout the piece. |
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